In what way do neurons communicate with each other?

Neurons communicate with each other primarily by generating electrical signals across their membranes. This process is known as an action potential, which occurs when a neuron transmits an electrical impulse along its axon. When the action potential reaches the end of the axon, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft—the gap between neurons. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on a neighboring neuron, facilitating communication and the continuation of the signal.

This method of communication is fundamental to the functioning of the nervous system, allowing for rapid and efficient transmission of information throughout the body. It contrasts with hormonal communication, which operates more slowly and involves the release of hormones into the bloodstream, or direct physical contact, which is not typically how neurons interact with one another. Nutrients do play a role in supporting neuronal health and function but are not a primary means of communication between neurons. The electrical signals generated by neurons are essential for processes such as reflexes, sensory perception, and other coordinated body responses.