What are the dual functions of the pancreas?

The pancreas performs two vital functions that are critical for maintaining overall body homeostasis: endocrine and exocrine functions.

The endocrine function involves the secretion of hormones, primarily insulin and glucagon, which are essential for regulating blood glucose levels. Insulin lowers blood glucose by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, while glucagon raises blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose stored in the liver. This hormonal balance is crucial for maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

On the other hand, the exocrine function of the pancreas relates to its role in digestion. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes, which are secreted into the small intestine to help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These enzymes include amylase, trypsin, and lipase, which are key players in the digestive process.

The combination of these two functions—hormone secretion for metabolic regulation and enzyme production for digestion—highlights the pancreas's dual role as an essential organ in both the digestive and endocrine systems.