What characterizes pulmonary circulation?

Pulmonary circulation is characterized specifically by the passage of deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart. In the lungs, carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen, which is vital for maintaining the body's oxygen supply. This oxygenation process occurs in the alveoli, where oxygen from inhaled air enters the blood, and carbon dioxide in the blood is expelled into the lungs to be exhaled.

This process is distinct from systemic circulation, which involves the flow of oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, and the other options provided refer to different circulatory pathways that do not involve the lungs or the deoxygenation and reoxygenation of blood.