What does homeostasis refer to in biological systems?

Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of stable internal conditions within an organism, despite changes in external environments. This concept is crucial for the survival of living organisms as it ensures that physiological processes operate effectively within optimal ranges. Key parameters, such as temperature, pH, and electrolyte balance, are regulated through various mechanisms, often involving feedback loops that help body systems adjust to external fluctuations.

For example, when body temperature rises, mechanisms such as sweating and increased blood flow to the skin help to cool the body down, maintaining the internal temperature within a narrow range essential for enzymatic and metabolic functions. Homeostasis encompasses various bodily systems working in concert to achieve equilibrium and is fundamental to health and proper physiological function.