What is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C?

The term that accurately describes the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C is calorie. This is a fundamental unit of energy commonly used in chemistry and nutrition to express the energy content of food. Since a calorie is specifically defined in relation to water, it provides a clear and direct measure that is both practical and relevant in diverse scientific contexts.

In contrast, joules represent another unit of energy but do not specifically convey the same water temperature relationship and are often used in different contexts. Calorimetry refers to the process or technique used to measure the amount of heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction or physical change, rather than a unit of measurement itself. A kilocalorie is equivalent to 1,000 calories and is commonly used to describe the energy content in food, but it does not denote the energy required for the specified temperature change of water. Thus, calorie is the precise term for the original question.