What is glucagon's role in the body?

Glucagon plays a crucial role in maintaining blood glucose levels, especially during periods of fasting or low carbohydrate intake. When blood sugar levels drop, glucagon is released from the alpha cells of the pancreas. Its primary function is to stimulate the liver to break down glycogen, which is a stored form of glucose. This process, known as glycogenolysis, releases glucose into the bloodstream, thereby increasing blood sugar levels to provide necessary energy to the body’s cells.

This response is particularly critical for preventing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), ensuring that vital organs, especially the brain, receive an adequate supply of glucose. While other hormones, such as insulin, work to lower blood sugar levels, glucagon's role is specifically to raise them when needed.