What movement is referred to as circumduction?

Circumduction is characterized as a circular movement at a joint where the distal end of a limb rotates in a circular fashion while the proximal end remains relatively stationary. This complex movement involves flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, effectively allowing the limb to trace a circular path. Such a motion is commonly observed in joints such as the shoulder and hip, where the arm or leg can move in a circular trajectory while maintaining a stable connection at the base joint.

This detailed understanding of circumduction aids in recognizing its applications in various physical activities and how it differs from simpler movements like straight up and down (which would be linear) or side-to-side motions, reflecting the joint's range of motion and anatomical design.