What term describes the process by which light rays bend when they pass from air into water?

The correct term for the process by which light rays bend when they pass from air into water is refraction. Refraction occurs because light travels at different speeds in different mediums. When light enters water from air, it slows down and changes direction, resulting in the bending of the light rays. This change in direction is due to the difference in optical densities between air and water, causing the light to alter its speed and propagate at an angle.

This phenomenon is significant in various applications, such as creating magnifying lenses and designing optical instruments, as well as in everyday observations like seeing objects underwater appearing distorted or shifted. Understanding refraction helps explain many concepts in physics and optics.