What type of cell is primarily responsible for transmitting nerve impulses?

The neuron is primarily responsible for transmitting nerve impulses, a critical function in the nervous system. Neurons are specialized cells that have unique structures, including dendrites to receive signals, a cell body that processes information, and an axon that transmits impulses away from the cell body. When stimulated, neurons can generate electrical signals, known as action potentials, which travel along the axon to communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands. This process is essential for the functioning of the nervous system, enabling everything from reflex responses to complex cognitive processes.

In contrast, glial cells provide support, nourishment, and protection to neurons but do not transmit nerve impulses. Muscle fibers are specialized for contraction and movement, playing a role in the muscular system, while endothelial cells line blood vessels and are involved in the circulatory system, not in the transmission of nerve impulses. Thus, the function of neurons as the primary impulse transmitters is distinct and crucial for nervous system communication.