Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels?

Insulin is the hormone primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels. It is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism in the body. When blood sugar levels rise, such as after a meal, insulin is secreted into the bloodstream. It facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly in muscle and fat tissues, allowing these cells to use glucose for energy or store it for future use. This action effectively decreases the concentration of glucose in the blood, which is vital for maintaining homeostasis and preventing conditions like hyperglycemia.

In contrast, hormones like glucagon actually have the opposite effect, as they raise blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose stored in the liver. Cortisol and adrenaline also contribute to increasing blood glucose levels, especially in response to stress or low blood sugar situations. Thus, insulin is unique in its primary function of lowering blood glucose levels, making it essential for blood sugar regulation.